History 101: Western Civilization Christianity and the Heirs of Rome:  Study Questions

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1. According to your text, the teachings of Jesus can be seen as
a. not very important
b. a logical extension of Hebrew Scriptures
c. based on Roman law
d. very concerned with legal restrictions and ritual

2. Which of the following was not one of the four main sects among Palestinian Jews in the first century B.C.?
a. Puritans
b. Zealots
c. Pharisees
d. Essenes

3. The group responsible for the Dead Sea Scrolls was the __________________________________.

4. The group most opposed to Roman rule was the _____________________________.

5. Regarding Christ's early period of teaching one may correctly say
a.  as a youth he was not exposed to Hebrew religious thought.
b.  a main part of his message was repentance.
c.  he strongly disagreed with John the Baptist.
d.  although he spoke of the coming of the Kingdom, he envisioned it in the distant future.

6. Jesus has been referred to as "Christ" because he
a.  multiplied the loaves and fishes.
b.  made the dead rise.
c.  was the anointed one.
d.  successfully endured temptation by the Devil.

7. Non-Jews were called _____________________________, from the Latin word for nation.

8. St. Paul can be described as a
a. Pharisee
b. member of the Diaspora
c. Christian missionary
d. all of the above

9. The significance of St. Paul in the early history of the Christian Church was that he
a. was the first non-Jew to become a Christian
b. became the second Messiah
c. advocated spreading the Gospel to non-Jews
d. died with Jesus on the cross

10. Reasons for the great appeal of Christianity included all of the following EXCEPT
a. It promised salvation
b. It attracted the poor and oppressed
c. It totally abandoned Greek philosophy
d. It was open to women as well as men

11. During his reign Diocletian
a.  ordered terrible persecutions of the Christians.
b.  was baptized secretly near the end of his life.
c.  gave up his claim to divinity.
d.  considered legalizing Christianity, at least in the provinces.

12. The Edict of Milan (313 A.D.)
a. granted toleration to Christians
b. outlawed non-Christian forms of worship
c. made Christianity the official (state) religion of the empire
d. all of the above

13. Which of the following attacked Graeco-Roman philosophy as inimical to Christianity?
a. Clement of Alexandria
b. Diocletian
c. Tertullian
d. Jerome

14. Bishops of Rome based their claims of primacy on
a. Old Testament prophecy
b. a passage from the Gospel of Matthew
c. the power of the Roman army
d. support from the Byzantine emperor

15. St. Benedict's monastic rule encouraged
a. prayer
b. obedience
c. work
d. all of the above

16. The New Testament includes each of the following except
a.  twenty-one Epistles.
b.  the Gospel written by Saint John.
c.  The City of God.
d.  the Acts of the Apostles.

17. Arius taught that
a.  Christ was the reincarnation of Abraham.
b.  members of the Trinity were equal.
c.  the Father alone was divine.
d.  Jesus was sent by Satan to deceive mankind.

18. At the Council of Nicea (325 A.D.) the above (#17) doctrine was
a. incorporated into Church teaching
b. condemned
c. written into a separate, but acceptable creed of belief
d. not addressed as Church officials wished to remain neutral

19. Which of the following was noted for condemning Jews?
a. Hillel
b. Origen
c. Jesus
d. Paul

20. St. Ambrose was known for all of the following except
a. He preached that the rich should be favored for their ability to donate money to the Church.
b. He was Bishop of Milan.
c. He wrote a book on clerical duties.
d. He defended the independence of the Church over the authority of the state.

21. The term Vulgate refers to
a. poor people
b. Jewish converts to Christianity
c. a German tribe that sacked Rome
d. the common-language version of the Bible

22. Augustine wrote City of God in response to the
a. ruling against Arianism at the Council of Nicea
b. attack on Manichaeism by Ambrose
c. sack of Rome by the Visigoths
d. crisis of Athenian democracy

23. Augustine would have supported the concept that
a.  human nature was sinful.
b.  reason alone can serve as a guide to good living.
c.  better social arrangements could improve human nature.
d.  one must dismiss all concepts of pagan philosophy.

24. The religion of the Byzantine empire was
a. Christian
b. Islam
c. Zoroastrianism
d. Greek syncretism

25. Emperor Justinian is known for
a. building the Church of Holy Wisdom
b. his marriage to Theodora
c. the Corpus Juris Civilis
d. all of the above

26. The Byzantine Empire can be said to have finally expired in the year ____________.

27. The religion of Islam is based on the worship of the one God, or
a. Muhammad
b. Caliph
c. Fatwa
d. Allah

28. The sacred book of Islam is the ______________.

29. The Five Pillars of Faith include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. a yearly pilgrimage to Mecca
b. charity to the poor
c. fasting during Ramadan
d. profession of faith

30. The holy city of the Muslims was
a.  Medina
b. Mecca
c. Baghdad
d. Jerusalem

31. Place the following in correct chronological order:
1. the Hegira
2. Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks
3. Justinian rules as Byzantine Emperor
4. Charlemagne is crowned emperor of the Romans
a. 1,4,3,2
b. 2,4,1,3
c. 3,1,4,2
d. 4,3,1,2

32. Muslims made great contributions to
a. medicine
b. mathematics
c. philosophy
d. all of the above

33. An example of a great Muslim philosopher was
a. Aquinas
b. Abelard
c. Avicenna
d. Jihad

34. Which of the following is least well matched with a Germanic tribe?
a.  Italy-Ostrogoths
b.  Spain-Burgundians
c. Vandals-Africa
d.  Gaul-Franks

35. Of the Germanic tribes that established kingdoms in western Europe following the fall of the western Roman empire, the most lasting were the
a. Ostrogoths
b. Vandals
c. Franks
d. Visigoths

36. Who wrote The Consolation of Philosophy?
a. Cassiodorus
b. Justinian
c. Isidore of Seville
d. Boethius

37. The conversion of the Frankish King _____________________ to Roman Christianity allowed for the potential of a Frankish alliance with the papacy.

38. Pepin of Heristal founded the ____________ dynasty, which replaced the Merovingians in the Frankish kingdom.
a. Capetian
b. Gauloise
c. Saxonian
d. Carolingian

39. The greatest monarch of the above dynasty was ___________________________, whose name means "Charles the Great."

40. The missi dominici were
a.  servants of the Pope, carrying papal bulls throughout Christendom.
b.  scholars from the royal academy who inspected schools in bishoprics of the Frankish kingdom.
c.  high nobles who formed a conspiracy against the rule of Charlemagne.
d.  Charlemagne's royal messengers were traveling to the counties.

41. All of the following are associated with the Carolingian Renaissance EXCEPT:
a. the search for new knowledge
b. Alcuin of York
c. training clerics
d. preservation of ancient works

42. Following the death of Charlemagne, the Frankish empire was invaded by
a. Vikings
b. Magyars
c. Muslims
d. all of the above

43. The Treaty of ______________________ marked the beginning of Germany.

44. A knight who pledged loyalty to a feudal lord was termed a
a. serf
b. slave
c. vassal
d. liege

45. The economic foundation of feudalism featured
a. large estates worked by slave labor
b. villages of serfs bound to and working the land
c. thriving cities full of merchants active in international trade
d. large manufacturing centers employing a growing urban proletariat

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