History 102: Western Civilization The French Revolution and Napoleon Short Answer Questions

2. Which of the following was NOT one of the ideals of the Enlightenment the French revolutionaries tried to realize?
a. freeing mankind from superstition
b. replacing tyranny with liberty
c. a revival of religion
d. tearing down barriers to equality

3. In Old Regime France, the First Estate was the
a. king and royal family
b. nobles
c. clergy
d. middle class

4. According to your text, the Third Estate numbered about ____ % of the population of France.
a. 96                        b. 42
c. 10                        d. less than 1

5. The two types of nobility in Old Regime France were nobles of the _________ and nobles of the ___________.
a. horse and ox
b. sword and robe
c. castle and court
d. forest and river

6. Merchants, bankers, master craftsmen, doctors, lawyers, and lesser government officials can be considered part of the
a. working class               b. peasantry
c. bourgeoisie                  d.. nobility

7. Place the following in correct chronological order:
1. Robspierre is guillotined            2. Napoleon seizes power
3. calling of the Estates General     4. storming of the Bastille
a. 3,4,1,2
b. 2,4,3,1
c. 1,4,3,2
d. 4,2,3,1

8. Which of the following is MOST true regarding the French peasants before the Revolution?
a. the majority were serfs, still tied to the land
b. they were better off than peasants of eastern Europe
c. they owned less than 5% of the land
d. most were very prosperous and held jobs as doctors, lawyers, and officials

9. Theoretically, the government of Old Regime France was a
a. representative democracy
b. constitutional monarchy
c. absolute monarchy
d. theocracy

10. What was the relationship between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution?
a. there was no connection
b. the Enlightenment created a mood of discontent with the prevailing society
c. the Enlightenment increased people's religious beliefs, making them susceptible to revolutionary rhetoric
d. Enlightenment philosophers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu called for the overthrow of the French monarchy

11. Delegates to the meeting of the Estates General brought with them notebooks of grievances, or
a. pecheurs de la mer
b. fait accompli
c. les grands fromages
d. cahiers de doleances

12. Among the grievances which Third Estate delegates brought to the Estates General meeting was/were
a. the abolition of private property
b. an end to aristocratic privileges
c. the overthrow of the king
d. all of the above

13. With their formation of the National Assembly, the real impetus for reform came from the
a. king and queen              b. First Estate
c. Second Estate               d. Third Estate

14. After the storming of the Bastille, terror swept the countryside of France.  This was called the
a. Great Fear                 b. Tariff of Abominations
c. Fronde                      d.. Black Death

15. Among the reforms over which the National Assembly presided was/were
a. the abolition of aristocratic privileges
b. the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
c. the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
d. all of the above

16. Radical working-class Parisians were called
a. Pecheurs                      b. Savoir-Faires
c. Sans-Culottes              d. Les Cochons

17. Among the accomplishments of the National Assembly by 1791 was/were
a. abolition of special privileges
b. establishment of a republic
c. granting of universal manhood suffrage
c. all of the above

18. The radical Jacobin who wanted to create a "Republic of Virtue" and ruled France during the Reign of Terror was
a. Napoleon                  b. Robspierre
c. Danton                      d. Talleyrand

19. The French Revolution presented a dilemma for liberals because
a. they feared the power of the uneducated, unpropertied masses
b. it promoted the principle of careers open to wealth rather than talent
c. it reinforced the growing religiousness of the French people
d. they did not believe in liberty and freedom

20. According to your text, the French Revolution was a decisive event in the history of the West because
a. it reinforced the traditional absolutist, hierarchical structure of Old Regime France
b. it promoted rule according to constitutions which limited the powers of governments and gave greater representation to the governed
c. it strengthened the Catholic Church's control over the government of France
d. all of the above

21. According to your text, Napoleon
a. completely wiped out the gains of the French Revolution
b. carried forward the ideas of constitutional government and individual liberties to greater heights
c. preserved some of the gains of the Revolution, but denied other Revolutionary ideals
d. had nothing to the with the French Revolution

22. Napoleon started his career as a/an
a. naval officer
b. dry goods merchant
c. peasant
d. artillery officer

23. The coup d'etat of 1799
a. resulted in a stronger executive power
b. marked the end of Napoleon's rise
c. gave power to the legislature
d. all of the above

24. Among the more important characteristics of Napoleon was/were
a. intelligence
b. an ability to work long hours
c. rationalism
d. all of the above

25. Napoleon's domestic policies included
a. guarantees of an individual's right to a speedy trial
b. unifying the administration
c. freedom of the press
d. all of the above

26. What was Napoleon's attitude toward religion?
a. He was a strong Christian who enforced church attendance.
b. He did not believe that religion was particularly helpful.
c. Although he did not personally believe, he thought Christianity useful in controlling people.
d. He promoted a national French religion in opposition to the Pope.

27. Napoleon's Law Code
a. promoted equality before the law
b. allowed freedom of religion
c. supported the abolition of serfdom
d. all of the above

28. Napoleon owed his popularity with the French people to
a. his military accomplishments
b. their desire for peace
c. his total support of the French Revolution
d. his policies of individual rights for all Frenchmen

29. In 1805 the naval battle of ____________________________  ended Napoleon's hopes of an invasion of England.

30. Because it bled France of troops and money, the war in _________________________ has been termed the "Spanish ulcer."

31. One of Napoleon's biggest mistakes was his 1812 invasion of _______________________ .

32. After his return to France, Napoleon met his final defeat in 1815 at the Battle of  _____________________ .