History 102: Western Civilization The Industrial Revolution Short Answer Questions

1. All of the following can be seen as parts of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT:
a. the growth of population and cities
b. the change from machine manufacturing to manufacturing by hand
c. division of labor
d. a worldwide market for goods and services

2. The Industrial Revolution began in ___________________.
a. England
b. France
c. Germany
d. Russia

3. All of the following are reasons for the start of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT:
a. the tendency of philosophers and scientists to think mechanically and see nature as exploitable
b. a strong tendency of absolutism that tended to reward technical innovation
c. a tradition of technological innovation among peasants and craftsmen in the Middle Ages
d. an expanding colonial empire

4. The most significant factor in the development of the Industrial Revolution, as perceived by contemporaries, was the
a.  assembly line.
b.  inventions that accomplished what humans once did.
c.  rationalization of the business office.
d.  chemical industries.

5. The green revolution refers to
a.  the increase in paper currency.
b.  the recalcitrance of Irish workers in England.
c.  the courtyards behind row houses.
d.  new crops and new ways of using land.

6. It would be least accurate to say that the Agricultural Revolution
a.  led peasants to become capitalist-farmers.
b.  began with the scientific farming techniques of the English.
c.  occurred in the nineteenth century.
d.  drew peasants closer to the market and away from the social economy of reciprocity and redistribution.

7. One may conclude about the practice of enclosures that they
a.  contributed to the wealth of a new breed, commercial farming landowners.
b.  resulted in year-round work for poorer farmers.
c.  were confined to the English experience only.
d.  required the locking of gates once work in the factory had begun.

8. Which of the following may be considered a serious obstacle to industrialization both in France and Central Europe?
a.  Monopolies granted by individual states
b.  Internal tariffs
c.  Powerful craft guilds
d.  Each of these answers the question.

9. The practicality of the cotton gin rests in the fact that it
a.  produced a weave of cotton and linen.
b.  quickly compressed cotton balls for shipping.
c.  helped to process raw cotton.
d.  sowed cotton seeds evenly in fields.

10. The first factories developed in the ______________ industry.
a. shipbuilding
b. automobile
c. entertainment
d. cotton textile

11. Which of the following is NOT an important inventor during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?
a. Arthur Young
b. James Hargreaves
c. Samuel Crompton
c. Richard Arkwright

12. One of the most fundamental breakthroughs of the first Industrial Revolution was the
a. automobile
b. steam engine
c. nuclear reactor
d. oil rig